• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    DEVICE FOR QUICK DETECTION OF LEAKAGE IN RIGID / MOLE PACKAGES WITHOUT ADDING TEST GAS ". The present invention relates to a device for detecting a leak in a specimen (12), with a test (14) that can be evacuated to the test piece (12). The test chamber (14) features a film chamber with at least one wall area of a flexible, in particular, elastic material. more accurate leak detection, the course of the total pressure increase is measured inside the test chamber.
    公开号:BR112014011837B1
    申请号:R112014011837-0
    申请日:2012-10-25
    公开日:2020-11-17
    发明作者:Silvio Decker；Daniel Wetzig；Hjalmar Bruhns；Stefan Mebus
    申请人:Inficon Gmbh；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [001] The present invention relates to a device for detecting leakage in a specimen.
    [002] In a conventional way, leaks in a specimen, such as in a food package, are measured by the fact that the specimen is placed in a rigid test chamber. The test chamber is then evacuated, and the pressure course in the chamber is measured after the separation between the chamber and the pump. If the specimen leaks, the gas escapes from the specimen into the chamber, so the pressure in the test chamber increases. The pressure increase is measured and serves as an indication of a leak in the specimen.
    [003] In the case of the known leak detection process, a difficulty lies in the fact that the pressure inside the test chamber is influenced not only by a leak in the test piece, but also by temperature changes in the test chamber , or by desorption of gases on the surfaces on the inner side of the test chamber, resulting in measurement failures in leak detection. These interfering influences are all the greater the greater the volume of the test chamber, and the greater the pressure during measurement inside the test chamber. For practical reasons, the volume of the test chamber cannot be reduced arbitrarily, because the shape, size and number of specimens require a certain volume of the chamber. During measurement inside the test chamber, moreover, the pressure cannot be reduced arbitrarily, as there is a danger of deformation, damage or even bursting of the specimen, in particular in soft specimens , weakly, for example, in packaging.
    [004] In addition, test chambers are known, in which at least one wall area and, preferably, the entire test chamber is made of a flexible, preferably elastic, deformable material, such as film. The flexible wall area is formed in the chamber area, in which the specimen is found during the leak measurement. By reducing the pressure inside the test chamber, the flexible wall of the chamber adjusts to the specimen, so the volume of the chamber is reduced. In this way, influences, in particular pressure changes that disturb the measurement due to temperature fluctuations, are reduced. In addition, the flexible wall area that fits the specimen supports the specimen and prevents deformation or even bursting of the specimen. This is particularly advantageous for weakly shaped specimens made of a soft material such as packaging.
    [005] Film test chambers of this type are described, for example, in patents JP-A 62-112027, EP 0 152 981 A1 and EP 0 741 288 B1. In patent JP-A 62-112027 it is described to record the gas that leaves with a gas detector. EP 0 152 981 A1 describes an evacuation of the film chamber, the difference in pressure being observed between the pressure in the film chamber and a reference pressure within a reference volume. When this pressure difference deviates from zero, a leak is detected. In EP 0 741 288 B1 a film chamber is admitted with pressure, and for the leak test, the pressure is measured at a certain time. If a limit value is exceeded, a leak is detected.
    [006] The invention has the task of creating a device for the detection of leakage in a specimen, which allows a rapid detection of leakage.
    [007] The device according to the invention is defined by the characteristics of patent claim 1.
    [008] Thus, leakage detection is performed by the fact that the increase in the total pressure of the pressure is measured inside the pressure chamber. The test for possible leaks, in this case, occurs without the aid of test gas. A direct gas exchange between the test chamber and the full pressure sensor is not necessary, so that no gas needs to flow from the leak to the pressure sensor.
    [009] As full pressure, in this case, the absolute pressure inside the film test chamber is designated. The designation total pressure, in this case, serves to demarcate in relation to leak detection known from the state of the art, through the evaluation of a differential pressure. According to the invention, the course of the total pressure increase during the total measurement interval, that is, during the measurement duration is evaluated. In this case, the shape of the pressure increase is used for a quick estimate if there is a leak. The course of pressure increase is more accurate than simply monitoring limit values, or measuring differential pressures. The rapid assessment of the course of the total pressure increase allows for a fully automated and particularly rapid measurement cycle for use in fully automated leak tests.
    [0010] Preferably, the test chamber consists of a film or several flexible films, in which or between which the test piece is placed. The film or films can be connected together and closed by clamping elements, such as clamps.
    [0011] A gas-permeable material or a gas-permeable structure in an internal wall area of the test chamber in the specimen area allows a flow of gas around the specimen, also after adjustment to the chamber wall of flexible test to the specimen, so it is possible to continue the evacuation of the entire volume of the chamber to a low total pressure.
    [0012] Preferably, the pressure flow, that is, the total pressure flow and possibly also the partial pressure flow of individual gas components, is already evaluated during the pumping phase of the measurement flow, in order to allow a severe leak recognition.
    [0013] It is advantageous if the test chamber is surrounded by an external overpressure chamber. For the prior removal of gas from the test chamber, the pressure inside the external chamber can be increased in relation to the pressure inside the test chamber, such that an external force effect is exerted on the flexible test chamber, and the flexible area of the test chamber is adjusted to the product. In this way, a large part of the gas coming from the test chamber is pressed regardless of the suction capacity of a pump used. The measurement cycle is therefore considerably faster.
    [0014] Preferably, a selective gas-binding material as an absorber is placed in the test chamber or in a volume bound with the volume of the test chamber. The absorbent material binds reactive gas, which influences the pressure increase in the chamber through desorption, and could alter the leakage rate measurement. Desorption of gases on the surfaces on the inner sides of the test chamber typically causes an additional pressure increase, and leads to measurement failures during leak rate measurement. In particular, water in a pressure area of less than 1 KPa (10 mbar) makes an essential contribution to the increase in total pressure through desorption. The pressure increase caused by water desorption in the test chamber cannot be differentiated from the pressure increase due to a leak in the specimen during a full pressure measurement. The absorbent material can reduce this measurement failure.
    [0015] Preferably, the absorbent material is housed in a connection channel between the test chamber and a pressure sensor, for example, the total pressure sensor. In this case, the volume within the connection channel, in which the absorbent material is located, should be able to be separated from the volume of the test chamber through a closing valve. During ventilation and during the evacuation phase, for example, for the detection of serious leakage, the absorbent material with the valve closed is not exposed to atmospheric gas, and the capacity of the absorbent material is saved for selective gas connection.
    [0016] In the following, examples of execution of the invention will be explained in detail with the aid of the figures. They are shown:
    [0017] In Fig. 1 a first example of execution,
    [0018] In Fig. 2 a schematic representation of the test chamber of the first example of execution, in the open state,
    [0019] In Fig. 3 the view according to fig. 2, a second example of execution,
    [0020] In Fig. 4 the view according to fig. 2, a third example of execution,
    [0021] In Fig. 5 the view according to fig. 2, a fourth example of execution,
    [0022] In Fig- 6 a pressure course measured as an example and
    [0023] In Fig. 7 an example for an evaluation of the pressure increase at specified times.
    [0024] The specimen 12 is placed in chamber 14. Then the chamber 14 is closed and evacuated through valve 26. Due to the pressure drop in chamber 14 and the related force, which is exerted by air pressure, the wall of the flexible chamber 16 fits completely with the wall of the flexible chamber 16 around the specimen 12, and adapts to its external shape.
    [0025] Between the film of chamber 16 and the specimen 12 there is a material of a gas-permeable fleece 20. Alternatively, the surface of the films 16 can be structured. This allows the flow of gas around the specimen 12, also after adjusting the film chamber 14 to the specimen 12, and thus allows a wide evacuation of the entire volume of the chamber at low total pressure.
    [0026] Between the film 16 and the specimen 12 a vacuum appears, typically in the range of 0.1 to 5 KPa (1 to 50 mbar) of absolute pressure, which corresponds to the chamber pressure of a rigid test chamber . Despite the vacuum around the package 12, no effective force acts on that package, since the internal pressure of the specimen 12 and the external pressure on the flexible chamber material are identical. The film 16 therefore supports the packaging evenly on all sides and prevents swelling or destruction.
    [0027] The intermediate space filled with fleece 20 forms the free volume, which typically has only a few cm3. Due to the shape adaptation of the film chamber 14 to the specimen 12, the minimum chamber volume is obtained, even in the case of alternating specimens.
    [0028] A leak in the specimen 12 then leads to a continuous increase in total pressure in the film chamber 14, after that chamber was separated from the pump 24 by valve 26. This pressure increase is determined by the pressure measurement with a sensitive total pressure measurement device (vacuum gauge).
    [0029] The pressure course during the accumulation phase is evaluated, and compared with theoretical values. If a corresponding deviation from theoretical values appears, a leak in the specimen 12 is detected.
    ΔpKammerem chamber; mr -.- ΔpKammer.changing test pressure Δt for a period of time Δt VKammer. chamber volume [I] qP: leak rate [mbar l / (s)] pKammer, pprüfling: pressure in the chamber or specimen [mbar]
    [0030] Both the increase in total pressure as well as the increase in partial pressure in the measuring chamber depend on two quantities: the pressure in the chamber and the existing measuring volume.
    [0031] Regarding a test gas detection of the test gas added to the packaging, the total pressure measurement has two clear advantages to follow: - First, there is no dependence on the type of gas, that is, on the product no special test gas needs to be added for leak detection. - Secondly, the change in total pressure can be detected immediately everywhere in the test volume. A sensor system specialized in a given test gas has a diffusion-dependent response time, conditioned at the outset, since the test gas to be detected must be able to escape from the leak to the sensor in order to be detected. Depending on the distance and the total pressure, the diffusion time may be unacceptable for the desired cycle times.
    [0032] Due to these contexts it is advantageous to measure the pressure increase with a very small free chamber volume, low chamber pressure and without test gas.
    [0033] Measurement errors that arise due to temperature changes:
    [0034] The lower the total pressure in the test chamber, the greater the leakage rate of the specimen and, with that, the pressure increase to be expected. In addition, the total pressure in the test chamber is dependent on the average TKammer temperature of the gas. As a first approximation, it is worth:

    [0035] This results through an error estimate:
    | ΔpKammer | is the change in pressure due to changes in temperature and chamber volume. This change in pressure should not be differentiated from that resulting from leaks from the specimen. The pressure change ΔpKammer | caused by a temperature change is proportional to the pressure of the PKammer chamber. The lower the pressure in the chamber, the less disturbing the influence.
    [0036] Example: in the case of a chamber pressure of 70 KPa (700 mbar), a temperature change of around 0.1 K with a chamber temperature of 25 ° C (298.15 K) leads to a change pressure

    [0037] For comparison: a leak of q = 1x10'3 mbar l / s with a measurement time of 10 s and a free chamber volume of 0.11 leads to a pressure increase of:

    [0038] In this case, therefore, the pressure increase due to the temperature change would be twice the size caused by the leak. If instead you were to work with 0.7 KPa (7 mbar), then the pressure change due to the temperature change would be only 0.001 KPa (0.01 mbar), which corresponds to only ~ 5% the measuring signal is always the same. That is, the same leak, which is covered at 70 KPa (700 mbar) of total pressure by changing the temperature can be measured at 0.7 KPa (7 mbar). Thermal expansion caused by a temperature deviation and the related change in the volume of the chamber in relation to the direct influence of a temperature change on the chamber pressure can be neglected.
    [0039] During a leak measurement temperature changes should be expected, since, on the one hand, the pressure change and the gas compression / expansion related to this lead to temperature changes, and on the other hand, the bodies samples often have a temperature deviation compared to the measuring chamber.
    [0040] The influence of volume on measurement:
    [0041] The pressure change that is caused by leaks from the specimen is even greater the smaller the free chamber volume - and with that the measurement volume. In this case, the volume of the free chamber is that volume, which in the state of the evacuated chamber is not taken by the specimen.
    [0042] Example: a leak of size q = 1x10'3 mbar l / s, within 10 s in a typical chamber with a free volume of one liter causes a pressure increase of about 0.001 KPa (0.01 mbar) . In a free chamber volume of 10 cm3, this increase is approximately 0.1 KPa (1 mbar). Desorption:
    [0043] Also the desorption of, for example, water influences the total pressure inside the test chamber. Taking desorption into account, the following context results for the increase in total pressure inside the test chamber: dp / dt = dpi / dt + dpr / dt + dpo / dt dpi / dt = qi / VR dpo / dt = AR / VR . DPA / dt: total pressure increase [mbar / s] dpi / dt: total pressure increase due to leakage [mbar / s] dpr / dt: total pressure change due to temperature deviation [mbar / s] dpo / dt: increase in total pressure due to desorption VR: volume of the vessel [I] AR ', surface of the vessel + specimen [cm2] qi_: leakage rate of the specimen [mbar l / s] qA: rate of desorption chamber / specimen [mbar l / (s cm2)]
    [0044] For the measurement of the sensitive leakage rate, through the time course of the total pressure in an accumulation chamber, the lowest possible chamber volume should be targeted. The smaller the volume of the chamber, the faster the total pressure increases with fixed leakage rates.
    [0045] In order to obtain the smallest possible increase in total pressure, caused by desorption in a chamber, a large volume to surface ratio should be sought. The greater the volume with the given surface, the less the total pressure increase per unit time.
    [0046] In this way, a contradiction is given. This contradiction can be resolved by eliminating the influence of partial water pressure, whereby a material from the absorber is placed, in particular, in a connection channel between the test chamber and the total pressure measuring device.
    [0047] What is particular about the invention is that, a chamber consisting of a deformable and flexible material, for example, elastic, is used, and the increase in total pressure is used in a closed chamber of this type, for the measurement of leakage. The measurement of the total pressure occurs by measuring the force acting on the surface, for example, with a capacitive total pressure sensor. The test for any leaks, in this case, occurs without the aid of test gas. Likewise, a direct gas exchange between the film chamber and the full pressure sensor is not necessary. As a result, the leak gas does not need to flow into the full pressure sensor.
    [0048] In this case, the test chamber itself may consist of a single film or of several films. The particular thing about this measurement method is that the contradiction between the minimum volume and the minimum working pressure is obtained with simultaneous protection of the specimen. In addition, due to the detection by measuring the total pressure, it is not necessary to transport the gas from the leak to the sensor.
    [0049] With this, in summary, the following problems are solved:
    [0050] The contradiction between low working pressure and the simultaneous protection of the specimen is resolved.
    [0051] The low working pressure that can be obtained thereby reduces the temperature deviation considerably and increases the leak rate that can be measured.
    [0052] The pressure increase in the chamber due to a leak becomes maximum due to the small volume and, thus, also the measurement signal.
    [0053] Due to the auto-minimizing volume, the chamber is evacuated considerably quickly.
    [0054] It is not necessary to have a gas flow from the leak to the full pressure sensor.
    [0055] As shown in fig. 1, a test piece 12 in the form of a soft food package is placed in a test chamber 14, which consists of a film 16. As shown in fig. 2, the film 16 consists of two separate film sections, between which the specimen 12 is placed, such that the specimen 12 is completely surrounded by the two parts of film.
    [0056] FIG. 1 shows that the edge areas of the two film sections overlapped with clamps 18 are pressed together, in such a way that, between the film sections, no gas can escape from the test chamber 14.
    [0057] On the inner side of the film 16 there is a layer surrounding the specimen 12 of a fleece, which allows a gas flow between the specimen 12 and the film 16, in order to obtain a complete evacuation of the test chamber 14 also in the case of film 16 very close to the specimen 12.
    [0058] The test chamber 14 is connected with a vacuum pump 24 through a connection channel 22. In the connection channel 22 there is a shut-off valve 26 between the vacuum pump 24 and the test chamber 14, for separating the volume of the test chamber from the vacuum pump 24. A ventilation valve 28 is provided between the closing valve 26 and the vacuum pump 24 for the ventilation of the test chamber 14.
    [0059] Between the test chamber 14 and the closing valve 26, the connecting channel 22 branches another connecting channel 30, which connects the volume of the test chamber with the pressure sensor of a measuring device of the total pressure 32. In the connection channel 30 an absorber 34 is provided and between the absorber 34 and the test chamber 14 a shut-off valve 36 is provided. In the case of the closed shut-off valve 36, the material of the absorber, of the absorber 34 is linked with the test chamber volume. Preferably, the absorber material consists of water-absorbing zeolite in order to reduce the effect of water desorption on the inner wall areas of the test chamber 14. During the evacuation of the test chamber 14 and / or during ventilation from the test chamber 14 the closing valve 36 is closed in order to save the absorption capacity of the absorber 34.
    [0060] FIG. 3 shows an example of an embodiment, in which the test chamber 14 is formed of a folded film. The test chamber 14 is closed by folding the film 16 around the specimen 12.
    [0061] In the example of execution according to fig. 4, the film 16 is a tube, which is closed at ends that are against each other, in order to form the test chamber 14.
    [0062] In the example of execution according to fig. 5 the test chamber 14 is formed of a film 16 in the form of a bag-shaped balloon, in which the specimen 12 is contained. The open end of the balloon, for closing the test chamber 14, for example, can be closed with clips 18 as in fig. 1.
    [0063] In fig. 6 shows two strokes of a pressure stroke in the test chamber during a measurement interval of 10 s. In this case, the dashed course is that of a specimen, and the full course is an unsealed specimen. As shown in fig. 6, the pressure increase across the entire time interval for sealed specimens may be greater than for unsealed specimens. Also the pressure increase at a given time, that is, therefore, the first deviation from the pressure course after time, for sealed specimens can be greater than for unsealed specimens. The cause for this is a desorption of gases of different intensity from the film material or the fleece. Under these preconditions, it is possible that an individual value, such as the pressure increase or the total pressure difference between the beginning and the end of the measurement interval, does not provide unambiguous coordination for sealed and unsealed specimens. This problem can be solved by a pattern test recognition, which is attributed to several properties of curves, such as the increase or curvature of certain moments.
    [0064] In fig. 7 values are applied for the pressure increase after 10 s (end of the measuring interval) and for the pressure increase after 5 s (half of the measuring interval). Pressure increase values are placed on the x axis after half the measurement interval (5 s shown) and pressure increase values are placed on the y axis at the end of the measurement interval (10 s). A standard test recognition must recognize groups of the measured values. In this case, a first group is recognized for the measured values as crosses for the unsealed specimen, and a second group is recognized for the measured values dotted on the sealed specimen. The dashed line in fig. 7 represents the values of a specimen classified as sealed. The solid line represents the group of a specimen classified as unsealed. For the coordination or classification of sealed and unsealed specimens, mathematical methods of standard test recognition can be used, such as, for example, LDA (Linear Discriminant Analysis).
    权利要求:
    Claims (2)
    [0001]
    1. Method for detecting leakage in a specimen (12), using a film chamber that can be evacuated as the test chamber that has at least one wall area of a flexible material, in particular , elastic, characterized by the steps of: measuring a pressure increase inside the test chamber (14) with a pressure measurement medium (32), and evaluating the shape of the curve that represents the progression of the total pressure increase over the time by means of pressure measurement (32) by means of a pattern recognition aimed at properties of said curve, such as the slope or curvature at defined times.
    [0002]
    2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized by the fact that the existence of a leak is detected by the progression of the increase in total pressure over the entire measurement range.
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    CN109584665A|2018-11-23|2019-04-05|国网天津市电力公司电力科学研究院|Sulfur hexafluoride leaks simulator and leak detection Training Methodology|
    法律状态:
    2018-12-04| B06F| Objections, documents and/or translations needed after an examination request according art. 34 industrial property law|
    2019-12-24| B06U| Preliminary requirement: requests with searches performed by other patent offices: suspension of the patent application procedure|
    2020-06-02| B09A| Decision: intention to grant|
    2020-11-17| B16A| Patent or certificate of addition of invention granted|Free format text: PRAZO DE VALIDADE: 20 (VINTE) ANOS CONTADOS A PARTIR DE 25/10/2012, OBSERVADAS AS CONDICOES LEGAIS. |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    DE102011086486.5|2011-11-16|
    DE102011086486A|DE102011086486A1|2011-11-16|2011-11-16|Quick leak detection on dimensionally stable / flaccid packaging without addition of test gas|
    PCT/EP2012/071133|WO2013072173A2|2011-11-16|2012-10-25|Quick leak detection on dimensionally stable/slack packaging without the addition of test gas|
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